This is the last day of high school classes, ever. It hadn't sucken in until this morning, when I put on my uniform for the last time. On the way to school I was thinking "this is the last time.. this is the last time.." Waking up and going to Buckley everyday has been the routine since 7th grade. There is no other school like this in the world, and I'm very grateful to be part of this class at this school. This ending is bittersweet because it feels right to start a new routine in the Fall. So, Goodbye Buckley! I'll miss it :)

study abroad college advice

"If you ask anybody who has studied abroad, he or she will most certainly tell you that it is a life-changing experience and one of the most rewarding things he or she has ever done."
from  http://www.vistawide.com/studyabroad/why_study_abroad.htm

10 reasons to study abroad:
1. Study abroad is the optimal way to learn a language.
2. Study abroad provides the opportunity to travel.
3. Study abroad allows you get to know another culture first-hand.
4. Study abroad will help you develop skills and give you experiences a classroom setting will never provide.
5. Study abroad affords you the opportunity to make friends around the world.
6. Study abroad helps you to learn about yourself.
7. Study abroad expands your worldview.
8. Study abroad gives you the opportunity to break out of your academic routine.
9. Study abroad enhances employment opportunities.
10. Study abroad can enhance the value of your degree.

I'm planning on blogging about how drawings can look so much like computerized images, with having the design elements of graphic art. I would discuss design elements that are necessary to portray how a photo captures real life images. 


this is an example from a blog I follow:

chapman project blogs

Instead of doing an interview for my Chapman powerpoint project, I'm following a couple of blogs of undergraduates who are interested in art and have traveled abroad.

this is a blog that is actually linked from the Chapman website on the Art Department page that let's people know when there are gallery openings, new art exhibits, etc.:
http://chapmanartdept.blogspot.com/

this is a blog that describes an Italy trip that art students traveled abroad for last year:
http://chapmandepartment.blogspot.com/2011/01/wilkinson-college-student-news-art.html

First Term Courses Wilkinson College of Humanities and Social Sciences
Fall 2012:

FFC 100 Freshman Foundations 3 credits
ART 195 Art and Text* 3 credits


ART 116 Ceramic: Form and Surface 3 credits
ART 120 Photographic Imaging 3 credits
ART 121 Digital Imaging 3 credits
ART 122 Objects and Space 3 credits
ART 123 Painting and Mark Making 3 credits
ART 124 Drawing and Planning 3 credits

Academic Integrity Violations

Academic dishonesty can take a number of forms including, but not limited to the following:

• cheating on a test or examination, which may include the following:
  copying from the work of another student, with or without that student's consent
  using notes or other unauthorized material during a test period
  giving or receiving assistance from another when it is expected the student will perform his or her own work
• claiming the work of another as the student's own
• plagiarizing any paper, research project, or assignment. [At their discretion, faculty may submit student work to plagiarism‑detection software, such as www.turnitin.com for review.]
• falsely submitting material to fulfill course requirements
• falsifying data to show either the process or the product of scholarly examination to be different from what actually occurred. This includes falsely reporting attendance or participation in any fieldwork experience
• submitting work done in one course to satisfy the requirements of another course unless both instructors agree beforehand to accept such work
• forged or altered documents including transcripts, add/drop forms, or any academic form that has been falsified or on which a professor’s signature, or anyone else’s signature, has been forged or altered
• failure to report any previous academic work at another college or university
• unauthorized possession or disposition of academic materials including possessing, selling or purchasing examinations, papers, reports, or other academic work not released by an instructor

Procedures for Hearing and Investigation

The Academic Integrity Committee (AIC) is charged by the Faculty Senate under the Faculty Constitution and Bylaws to be responsible for defining academic integrity and establishing policies and procedures for reporting, hearing, and sanctioning alleged violations of academic integrity. The AIC also will conduct investigations and make determinations of alleged violations of academic integrity policies and invoke the appropriate sanctions as recommended by Chapman University's Policy on Academic Integrity. 

A faculty member who suspects or has evidence of a violation of the academic integrity policy, arranges a meeting on the academic integrity violation with the student. In the meeting, the faculty member, the student, and an optional faculty designee of the Academic Integrity Committee are present. At the meeting, the faculty member shall present evidence in support of the charge against the student. The student shall be given the opportunity to respond and to present evidence to refute the charge. At the conclusion of the meeting, the faculty member may either dismiss the charge or determine whether it is more likely than not that the student has violated the Academic Integrity Policy, and if so, charge the student with a violation of academic integrity. If the student is found responsible, the faculty member may impose a suitable grade punishment, including failure in the course. Thereafter, the student receives a formal letter of sanction from the Academic Integrity Committee along with information for contesting the instructor's finding and sanction. The student will be encouraged to contact the Dean of Students to discuss the situation prior to contesting the case.

Academic Integrity Sanctions

The usual order of recommended sanctions for academic integrity violations is as follows:

• first violation: Instructor–imposed sanction and a letter of warning from the Academic Integrity Committee. If the recommended sanction by the instructor (or the sanction imposed by the Academic Integrity Committee) is an "F" grade for the course, the student cannot drop the course. The F grade cannot be eliminated by retaking the course
• second (and subsequent) violations: Instructor-imposed sanction and AIC sanction appropriate to the nature of the violation. The AIC sanction may be a warning, a recommendation for suspension, or a recommendation for expulsion from the university

The AIC sanction letter will be placed in the student's file in the Office of the Chancellor, along with the instructor's report. A copy of the letter will also be sent to the Dean of Students. False statements made during the course of the process may result in additional sanctions and a referral to the Dean of Students for a Student Conduct Code violation. 

Examples of academic integrity violations and recommended sanctions can be found in Appendix 3 of the Student Conduct Code

URL: http://www.chapman.edu/catalog/oc/current/ug/content/1474.htm

BLOGS:
http://chapmandepartment.blogspot.com/2011/01/wilkinson-college-student-news-art.html

Select additional courses from the GE program (for a total of 12-16 credits). First year students are encouraged to fulfill their GE Written Inquiry (7WI) and/or Language Study (7LC) requirements in their first semester. Also, first year students who place into Math 98 or 99 are required to take Math in their first term.

*ART 195 is offered Fall term only
NOTE: Art is part of the Block Scheduling pilot program this year. You should have selected your Art 195 class when you selected your FFC preferences. You will be pre-registered in these courses in early July. You can then build the rest of your schedule around these required major courses.
(http://www.chapman.edu/students/academic-resources/advising/_files/first-term-art.pdf)Choose two:

BFA in Art

Chapman University college catalog so far

I'm going to the Wilkinson College of Humanities and Social Sciences and there is no updated college catalog for 2012-2013 undergraduates yet but these are the credentials for last year: 

• a minimum of 124 credits in addition to any necessary preparatory skill credits
• a minimum of 42 credits earned in upper-division course work
• a minimum of 48 credits earned at Chapman, 24 of which must be upper-division, with 15 of those 24 upper-division credits in the student’s major (Military students contact the VA representative.)
• a maximum of 18 credits transferred after matriculation
• a maximum of 9 credits transferred once the student completes a total of 90 credits
• a 2.000 grade‑point average on a 4.0 scale at Chapman and a 2.000 GPA for all work leading to the degree, including transfer work
• a 2.000 GPA for all major course work and all upper-division major course work
• resolution of all "NR" and "I" notations
• for a bachelor of arts degree, a minimum of 62 credits outside of the discipline of the major

POEMS

"Sex Without Love" has a more direct meaning. The poetic language illuminates the meaningless passion that is entailed through descriptions. The other poem has a more indirect message of not producing an affectionate relationships leads to more satisfaction- this leads to a more complex meaning of the poem. The language in both poems can interpreted differently, even though "Sex Without Love" has more direct entailment of ideas.

For my blog I would use mostly pictures and have short descriptions underneath them, so I can discuss why I chose to blog that picture. I'd post on tuesdays and thursdays because Ms Jones said that's when blogs have the most traffic. In order to gain followers, I would follow other similiar blogs and send the links to my blog through facebook. I'm planning on blogging about how drawings can look so much like computerized images, with having the design elements of graphic art.
An example of somebody I would follow with my concept in mind is:
http://www.jennydaviswatercolors.com/?expref=next-blog

BLOGS

I'm majoring in art at Chapman, but I'm not sure which medium yet. These blogs mix graphical design with drawing aspects.
Art Blogs:
http://www.jennydaviswatercolors.com/?expref=next-blog
http://ifitshipitshere.blogspot.com/?expref=next-blog
http://aliceshrum.blogspot.com/?expref=next-blog


I'm planning on blogging about how drawings can look so much like computerized images, with having the design elements of graphic art.

paragraph

One has to be selfish with their decisions, but cannot detach themselves from the aging of time. The future is a scary concept because every second progresses from being the future, becoming the present and then staying in the past. At an early age I discovered my passion for art. I was so distant from my future, I thought, that I could imagine myself doing this for a living without extra consequences. In second grade I constructed a model of a museum made of wood, thus instilling the idea of becoming an architect when I ‘grew up.’ It wasn’t until seventh grade did I realize that architecture is a hard job to make a living from. The forcefulness of my upcoming future damaged my dream of being an architect and made me rethink my passion altogether. That is exactly why I’m scared of the future. There is no room to make mistakes because age does not rewind and detachment is the only solution. I then shifted my medium to graphical art because those artists tend to have easier time making money than architects. Moreover, I am majoring in art at Chapman University this fall with an undeclared medium because I’m honestly scared that I will choose the wrong one. A recent survey came from Papermag.com that stated the top thirteen most useless majors one receives in college; number one on the list is Fine Arts, my major. Number four on the list is Commercial Art and Graphic Design which is more my interest now, but the future ultimately decides. Although I have to be selfish with my own happiness, the future prevents one from actually fulfilling their initial dream sometimes.  

rough first par

Time is a concept that is inescapable, and the only solution is to accept the terms and conditions. Moral growth as well as age accompanies time as a person lives their life. One of my biggest fears deals with the pressuring outcome of my future. As I get older, time becomes more precious which is a scary conception because time doesn’t stop for anybody. Camus’ The Stranger exemplifies how selfishness leads to detachment as time continues to proceed. Mersault lives entrapped inside his own head and is too busy not caring about the death of his mother; eventually, his morality morphs into realizing how precious time matters. Narrowing down your desires is the most important part of the process, but then financial issues and happiness paves the road to survive in society. Art has always been a passion of mine, but I had to shift the medium because of my financial situation for the future. The future makes no exceptions for happiness, only learning how to financially survive. The decision between doing the job you love competes against the resources and income you receive for the needed basis of survival; however, selfishness fuels detachment and the awareness of time.

essay

main idea: selfishness leads to detachment; merusault is too selfish with his own feelings to feel sympathy or realize the death of his mother. merusault's growth
second work used in essay: lauren's picture (?)
analysis of lauren's picture: This photo conveys the sense of stationary objects and motionless life. The only living thing in the object, the boy, is being boxed in by the wall paper and all the different sized squares. The boy is also the only abnormal shape. However, even though he's the only living thing in the picture, there are objects that are frozen in motion. The waves on the screen as well as the clock are captured in motion. The waves and time are things that the boy has no control over because they will continue to move (contrasting in the photo)
quote(s) from camus:
- first sentences of novel signal immediate detachment
-"...for the first time in years, I had this stupid urge to cry, because I could feel how much all these people hated me." Chapter 3, pg. 90
working thesis:
working title:

Kitchen photo

This photo conveys the sense of stationary objects and motionless life. The only living thing in the object, the boy, is being boxed in by the wall paper and all the different sized squares. The boy is also the only abnormal shape. However, even though he's the only living thing in the picture, there are objects that are frozen in motion. The waves on the screen as well as the clock are captured in motion. The waves and time are things that the boy has no control over because they will continue to move (contrasting in the photo).

Romania Photo

In the Romania picture, the couple is surrounded by darnkess by the inside of the room and the night from outside. The contrast between light and darkness illuminates the uncomfortable tone of the picture. Also, the lady in the picture provokes the uneasiness of the location and (possibly) their relationship alone. The lady's arm and the man's arm around the lady's head frame the discomfort shown on the lady's face, thus the lady is the central image.

blogs to followw

1.http://www.indieshuffle.com/
2. http://www.blogs.com/topten/top-10-dessert-blogs/
3. http://www.livemusicblog.com/
4. http://www.thesartorialist.com/
5. http://hypebeast.com/
6. http://fashionista.com/

the stranger

"I said that people never change their lives, that in any case one life was as good as another and that I wasn't dissatisfied with mine here at all," (41).

This quote shows how Meursault doesn't make any effort to live life to the fullest. He states that he isn't "dissatisfied" to his lifestyle, but he can't make any conclusions because he still has many years to grow and experience life. He takes his life for granted and doesn't apprecitiate the time he lives without suffering. This passage is very important to Meursault's journey in the novel, because not only does this foreshadow Meursault's personal life journey but also foreshadows death.

The stranger

One of the main topics in the stranger is the light/darkness motif. In the first chapter, the mother's death description within the room contrasts the darkness within the funeral home. The narrator describes this scene as: "Darkness had gathered, quickly, above the skylight"(8). Even though the sun skylight is lighting up the room with death, the darkness overwhelms the atmosphere of the novel and sets the tone for the upcoming chapters.

Genesis

Genesis, unlike Darwin's theory, is very poetic and repetitive. The short 'stanzas' of the writing creates the mood of transition from the beginning of time. Everything God says is portrayed: '"Let there be light," and there was light'. Also, at the end of the lines the repetition of time allows the reader to realize that time hs begun and is being counted. The repetition of the last couple words, counting the days, the work is written as ritualistic, or an on-going process. Throughout the work, God commands the world to form and is expressed through short sentences to realoly emphasis the idea of control. At the end of the work, God proclaims that everything is created for man...talking to Adam and Eve.

Darwin

"It is, no doubt, extremely difficult even to conjecture by what gradations many structures have been perfected, more especially amongst broken and failing groups of organic beings..there are, it must be admitted, cases of speical difficulty on the theory of natural selection;"

Darwin discusses in his Recapitulation and Conclusion how he's expecting people to criticize his theory of evolution. He summarizes his argument and then acknowledges the other side of the argument to address his thoughts more clearly. Darwin is aware of the criticism and demonstrates his view through rhetoric to emphasize his point strongly. Also, throughout the final chapter of his book, he uses examples to argue his point and then backs up these points by using his own logic.

2nd

Not only does society drill individuals to portray perfection, but avoiding pressure is just as impossible. The average person sees (number of) advertisements per day. Advertisements manipulate the mind to remember slogans, colors, ingredients, etc. Although subliminal message are now illegal in commercials, unnoticeable pictures still inhabit the mind to see persuasive messages. In fact, some colors and messages still move so quickly that one cannot recall how they remember the certain phrase or commercial at all. Advertisements distract the individual from manifesting their own identities and instead remove the different imaginations one is born with. [graphic novel] [graphic novel analysis].

intro

Society proclaims strict regulations that inform people what to wear, how to act, who to be acquainted with, what to eat, etc.; thus, individualism is lost and is replaced with ‘the standard’. Conforming to these rules has as many punishments as being independent, which is where pressure accompanies one’s decision. Society relinquishes prescriptions for style, which one cannot escape. Dating back to Brooklyn, New York in the 1930’s, my Grandma recalls societal pressure hadn’t begun affecting her until she moved to California (in her 20’s). When she was a child, respect was not an option and neither was one’s style. The only pressure, she found, was to be successful. As she moved across the country, however, billboards, commercials, advertisements, etc. influenced her to realize the country’s uniformity. Images manipulate the mind to strive for perfection or are as influential as the imagination itself. Similarly, graphic novels transform the internal image into the image from artist’s mind.

Working thesis: Conformity replaces individualism because the sacrificial pressure is more influential than the internal depiction of life.

Working thesis: Society pressures individuals to yield to graphical influences instead of creating their own stylistic world; therefore, the basis of society’s pressure stems from advertisements to live a prescribed way of life. 

Interview notes

I interviewed my grandma who grew up in Brooklyn. She graduated in 1942.
topics: societal pressure inside and outside school
(grandma's views back then)
- total respect for teachers and peers
- punishment- sent home
- nobody ever tried anything unordinary
- hierarchical cliques
- religious pressures
- school was the biggest influence on style
- no long hair (shoulder length)
- success stemmed from being the most pretty and not the smartest
(grandma's views of the now)
- being an individual is the most important thing
- don't look bizarre
- use your own judgement
- advertising today influences
- iconoclast
(grandma's answer to: "what does conformity mean to you?")
-certain opinions, morals and values that you are able to stand up for yourself for
- don't conform to conform
- conform if it was the right thing to do (why not?)
- no mob rule
- ex. lynch
(quotes)
- "when the whole world is turning into something you sometimes feel you have to also"
- "felt so privileged"
- "the elite"
- "getting on the band wagon"

grandma questions

Topic for interview: How conformity changed in regards to gender roles, bullying, and punishments before moving across the country (New York to California).

1. Was there an even number of boys/girls in your class throughout your highschool  years?
2. Were boys favorited over girls?
3. Did the different gender roles reflect the atmosphere in the class room?
4. Were punishments the same for both girls and boys?
5. Was there bullying?
6. What types of societal pressures did you face as a young girl?

..I will revise/add more

more conformity ideas

I'm still not sure about my conformity essay topic, but I was thinking about interviewing my grandma on her gender role in New York and how it changed when she moved to California in her twenties. I want to ask her about how she experienced the gender divisions at her school (bullying, peer pressure, etc.).
I would compare her gender separation to today's gender coalition (maybe).

conformity essay progress/questions

topic: musical influence (clothing, beauty, dancing, socializing, etc.)

questions:
1. Since music has evolved since your childhood, how has that effected your life?
2. Was your style of clothing effected by the music around you?
3. Has the music culture slowed down as you have grown older?

I might meet with my grandma on monday and discuss these questions and see if I can come up with more after the first meeting (since she lives down the street from me).

conformity progress

In literature, like in Pride and Prejudice, conformity is based off of the family's economics and societal happiness. Also, like in Hamlet, conformity influences emotional attachment that may be frowned upon (Oedipal complex). In both settings of literature, non-conformists are punished through disappointed parents and not feeling secure (alienation). Conformity, I think, has always stemmed from structure; either within society or family or cultural circumstances- regardless of time period or geographical position in the world.
Mass media portrays the popular culture within society, especially music. Music publicitiy (music videos, song lyrics, artists, clothing in music videos, etc.) influence the culture to listen to a new age of music or see a new version of style. 

3rd

Karl proclaims: “Supremacy over all is all he [Kurtz] seeks: supremacy over things, people, and, finally, values. Having gratified forbidden desires, he is free of civilized taboos. In the Congo, he can do anything” (Karl 129). Kurtz’s loss of societal values created the mental change that Marlow, soon, undergoes as he spends more time in the same environment. Also, When Marlow begins to realize the ‘pleasure principle’ associated with the ‘id’ his societal values begin to vanish, while the Congo’s environment floods his mind. When Marlow begins to break down mentally, the reader has to reflect and reread Marlow’s changed thoughts. Marlow’s change of internal thinking, thus, creates a disorientated thought process to conceive Marlow’s new adjustment. The complications arise as Marlow’s journey steadily progresses as well; therefore, the reader’s perspective on the truth complicates internally too.

2nd paragraph

Conrad’s complicated prose distorts the reader’s mind to form a transitional mind like Marlow’s. As Marlow encounters a conversion from his ‘superego’ state of mind to an ‘id’ the reader experiences a change as well. Marlow is from European society, thus, his morality is the false representation of life that he faces prior to his journey. In the beginning of the novel the doctor warns Marlow: “The changes take place inside you know” (9). The doctor foreshadows Marlow’s mentally internal change which he uncovers down the Congo; moreover, the reader undergoes a similar change. As Marlow travels down the river, he makes clear of the societal attributes that he experiences in everyday life in European customs, which creates question in the readers mind. Karl notably accurately connotes Marlow’s sense of atmospheric change “..elements that become a wedge between man’s seeming rationality and a world suddenly irrational and out of focus” (127). The Congo’s environment twists the reader’s mind to suddenly apprehend the irrationality of everyday society. Marlow’s transition conflicts the reader to decipher the appearance versus reality within the novel, influenced by Kurtz. Since Kurtz is a sporadic thinker that drifts to different scenarios in his mind, the reader is, thus, thrown into a confusing sequence of events. During Marlow’s transition to the ‘id’, he begins to assimilate his thoughts as if Kurtz influenced him to morph internal ideas; moreover, Kurtz has ‘lost’ his superego.

Introduction

In the novel Heart of Darkness, Conrad explores the internal and external complications with psychoanalytic thoughts conveyed by the antagonist, Marlow. Marlow’s journey on his ship, the Nellie, provides the reader with multiple sporadic ideas as he travels down the uncertain Congo River towards Africa. Conrad illustrates the darkness of Marlow’s unknown journey not only through atmospheric setting but also through a change of conscience as he encounters ‘savages’ and learns to appreciate his known and newly discovered knowledge about other parts of the world. Understandings of the text vary upon the interpreter; moreover, authors: Frederick Karl and Ross Murfin analyze the novel to illuminate how Marlow’s internal thoughts affect the reader. The different opinions perceive Marlow’s dream state to be an effective atmospheric event that adds to his journey but others vaguely state that Marlow’s indecisive conscience is troublesome for the course of the novel. Conrad allows the reader to add their imagination to the journey to the unknown land that establishes a necessary ominous mood Heart of Darkness illuminates the darkness within Marlow’s mind as he unknowingly seeks a new and obscure Africa; therefore, the reader is thrown into a psychological dream state journey that constructs an atmospheric mood external to the text as well.     

Essay idea

For my Heart of Darkness essay I want to discuss Marlow's conscious vs. unconscious state of mind. I would talk about the reader's reactions as well as Freud, Conrad, and Karl's interpretation of Marlow's state of mind and how this effects the readers perception of Marlow's journey. The essay would discuss the how different views of different authors mix with Marlow's unconscious dreamstate's effectivenness throughout the book.

Karl

When Karl describes Marlow as "a law-abiding morally sensitive man.."(126), he connotes the rationality within man's mind. I agree that Marlow's view on man's rational mind is interrupted and corrupted because of his 'dark' journey in the Congo. Karl concludes that Marlow is so irrational that his judgment of societal regulations is unjust because of his elongated journey. Karl believes that Marlow is an experienced explorer because of his non-explored mind, give-or-take. I disagree with this point, during the journey Marlow might discover internal realizations about his inner-most expectations of man, but that does not mean that he is irrational prior to his journey; his inexperience improves his internal thought process rather than creating a new internal way of thinking altogether.

Murfin

Murfin's "Psychoanalytic Criticism and Heart of Darkness" demonstrates the connection between the author's influential mental state on the reader as well as the perceptions the reader encounters while percieving the text. Thus, Murfin describes psychoanalytic symbols to intertwine with the reader's mind, like Oedipal desires. I like when Murfin analyzes Marlow's "id" and "superego." Since Marlow has the internal conflict between his id and super ego throughout his dreamlike journey into the darkness of the Congo, his internal conflict conflicts with the reader's internal mental state as well. I mostly agree with all of Murfin's analysis of Heart of Darkness, except some parts of his analysis are a little unclear to me.

Question: What does Murfin mean by "the readers are drawn to a text based on what we desire to hear"?

Heart of Darkness paragraph

"I let him run on, this papier-mâché Mephistopheles, and it seemed to me that if I tried I could poke my forefinger through him, and would find nothing inside but a little loose dirt, maybe." When talking to the brickmaker, Marlow uses the imagery of the brickmaker being made out of papier-mâché. This connotes that the brickmaker has no purpose and is 'empty.' The brickmaker is personified as a hollow figure that can be related to nothing but loose dirt. Marlow describes the brickmaker as a useless object, essentially, and he could 'poke his forefinger through him' without him feeling anything. 

Heart of Darkness: paragraph 80

"I felt often its mysterious stillness watching me at my monkey tricks, just as it watches you fellows performing on your respective tight-ropes for-- what is it? half a-crown a tumble ---" At the end of paragraph 80, Marlow continues to create an ominous atmosphere as he travels down the river with the cannibals piloting the ship. The personification of the "mysterious stillness watching" Marlow depicts the unclear journey he continues to explore. Pages 394-395 is also where Marlow begins to go crazy which continues through out the rest of his expedition through Africa's wilderness.  

Heart of Darkness: Paragraph 82

"We had enlisted some of these chaps on the way for a crew. Fine fellows--cannibals--in their place." When the cannibals are hired to pilot the ship, Marlow sarcastically labels the cannibals as "fine fellows"; however, since Marlow's tone is hard to uncover sometimes, the sarcasm may depict his true anxiety about the journey. Cannibals are not typically known to be 'fine fellows' so the sarcasm states the irony accurately, but Marlow's mysterious uncertainty adds to the savage Africa he is exploring. Since the atmosphere is dark, Marlow's sarcastic humor adds to the one as well because it is unclear as well.

Darkness: Question 4

Before Marlow embarks on his journey to Africa, his aunt has unrealistic expectations of Marlow’s expedition. She relates him to an “apostle” to broadcast her assumption of him being brave and courageous; however, Marlow’s motive is the complete opposite. Marlow seeks to inhabit the savage Africa for profit instead of his aunt’s assumption of seeking adventurous skill to establish himself. When she assumes Marlow is traveling there to challenge danger and becoming a notable leader, she describes him as an “emissary of light.” This comment is not only ironic because Africa is dark and dangerous, but also she believes Marlow is going to withstand a dominate leadership role and become renowned when his purpose is the opposite.

HOD #2

Marlow describes London in "very old times, when the Romans first came here" as a dark and mysterious territory that is unknown. Thus, Marlow uses vivid imagery to create an inescapable atmosphere from the beginning: "cold, fog, tempests, disease, exile, and death,--." London's past is described as a territory run by "savages" which is opposite from the current circumstance of London now, being luxurious. Therefore, the connection between London in Roman times and the English colonization of Africa is that there was an unknown (savage) territory of "mysterious life of the wilderness" in both the Romans and colonists' cases.